Line spectrum of hydrogen atom

Line spectrum of hydrogen atom

The atom of hydrogen has only one electron and so one 'electron shell'. When this shell is excited, it will oscillate in its natural frequency, and so the electron present in the shell. This oscillation of the electron causes the emission of the shortest wavelength- Lyman series

photon (because, that frequency is the natural frequency of the electron shell of hydrogen atom) and jumps from the shell to an outer 'transitory shell'. If there is no any further excitation for the atom, the electron will instantaneously falls back to its shell. Also, this fall into the shell can cause, the shell get excited in a nominal fashion and the emission of a low intensity photon in the natural frequency of the shell (additionally, this oscillation of the electron can cause, it to jump to a nearer outer transitory shell. If an energetic electron from an external source simultaneously excites this transitory shell, the electron will emit a Lyman series photon in a long wavelength).

But, if the transitory shell (which the electron has initially jumped) is simultaneously excited by some ways (for example, collision of an energetic electron from an external source --in a discharge tube-or collision between atoms), the electron in the transitory shell will again get excited and emit a photon with a longer wavelength, with the natural frequency of that transitory shell. Also, this excitation of the electron will cause a further jumping to a more outer transitory shell, and these processes can be continued until the electron is expelled out from the atom and to turn the atom into plasma of hydrogen at a very high temperature.

For every jumping of the electron to a more and more outer transitory shells, and the excitation of that transitory shells can cause the emission of more and more long wavelength photons, and this is the reason for the emission of more long wavelength photons like Balmer series, Paschen series, Brackett series, Pfund series etc.

Exploring the line spectrums that generated by hydrogen atoms when they are in an extremely excited state, we can find a wide range of spectrum lines with a wide range of shorter and longer wavelengths. In this case, each of the atoms will be excited in different proportions, and so their dominant frequencies for the emissions will be also different.

Highly pressurized hydrogen can cause the emission of a continues spectrum of frequencies when it extremely excited. This is one of the evidences for the enormous number of transitory shells in hydrogen atoms.

Jumping of electrons

When an electron is excited, it will jump from its electron shell to an outer transitory shell, because of the density differences between the space matter in the inner and outer regions of the atom. I.e. when an electron oscillates in its electron shell (or transitory shell), for every oscillation towards the direction of the nucleus, the high-density space matter in the inner region of the atom expels the electron to a low-density outer region.

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