Exploration on Fundamental Theoretical Physics

Exploration on Fundamental -Theoretical Physics

INTRODUCTION

Most of the present-day technologies are modified or well improved concepts of previous concepts or technologies and still in the process of advancements. This makes them more accurate, sophisticated and efficient as time passes. Unfortunately, in the field of fundamental-theoretical physics, there are some ‘frozen concepts’ that proposed by scientists one or one and half centuries back. For example, the electromagnetic wave theory of light, mass- energy interchangeable concept and recently, electron clouds surround the nucleus of an atom, matter waves, uncertainty principle, wave particle duality for electron, light etc.

Light: Debates on the medium for the propagation of light are centuries old. In 1887 an experiment conducted by Albert Michelson and Edward Morley suggest that there is no such thing exist. The present day belief about the light propagation is by means of the perpendicular oscillation of electric and magnetic fields, which proposed by Maxwell. In this website, you can see that, oscillation of one field (electric / magnetic) in empty space creates no other field.

Electric field

Electric field will be created in the below stated circumstances.

a) A charged particle (negative/positive) can create an electric field around that particle.

b) An oscillating magnetic field can create an oscillating electric field within a conductor.

*Electric field lines hold nucleus and electrons in an atom together; atoms in a molecule are together.

*An unbalanced and opposite charges within a conductor or between two conductors cause the flow of charges through that conductor (s).

Magnetic field

"The magnetic field created by a permanent is caused by the alignment of motionless electrons".

When charged particles are aligned in a single mode in a material, a magnetic field will be created around that material. For example, when electrons are flowing through a conductor, all electrons will be aligned in a single way. This alignment of flowing electrons create a magnetic field around that conductor (the flowing electrons cause to align them, otherwise, there is no any direct connections between motion of electrons and magnetic field). In a permanent magnet, the outer electrons of the atoms of domains are aligned in a single way and all domains are also aligned in a single way. This alignment creates a magnetic field around a permanent magnet. In the case of an iron core inside of a solenoid, the influence of the magnetic field that created by the flowing electrons in the conductor, the outer electrons of the atoms of the iron core will be aligned in a single way and create a magnetic field around the core.

This website also explains, what is the cause for a charge, what is magnetic field and electric field, what is light and how the light is propagated through the space etc. (What is light)

Matter and energy: Without conducting any experiments and observing in the microscopic and macroscopic world, a prediction from Einstein is that ‘matter and energy are interchangeable’ and the mass that missed in a nuclear reaction is simply converted into pure energy. In this website you can see that, in a nuclear reaction, the missing volume (decreasing of volume) of nuclear particles are equally important along with the mass defect, for the accurate measurement of the energy release and the missing mass is converted into the lightest form of matter, the ‘space matter”. (Nuclear energy)

Nature of particles & Atom model: In 1924 De Broglie proposed the ‘pilot waves’ theory and that eventually led to the development of the theories like ‘matter waves, electron clouds and uncertainty principle’ etc. The theory says that, the nucleus of an atom is surrounded by a series of stationary waves. These waves have crests at certain points, each complete standing wave representing an orbit. The absolute square of the amplitude of the wave at any point at a given time is a measure of the probability that an electron will be found there. Thus, an electron can no longer be said to be at any precise point at any given time. This series of stationary waves by electrons are used for explaining all phenomenons that generated by atoms. For example, light emission and absorption, chemical reactions etc. In this website we see that, wave nature of particles is not the property belong them, but it depends on the energy background that the particle exist. In a lowest energy level, electrons in an atom have no any motions. Space inside of atom is not empty, but filled with space matter and most of the phenomenons in the atomic world are closely connected with the presence of space matter in atoms.

Considering the very fundamental nature of matter and energy, most of the present day technologies are functioning on a highly macroscopic world and which are not affected by the accuracy of the understanding of the ‘real facts' in the too microscopic physical world. Hence, a very little explorations on these areas are tending to investigate by the scientists.

MAIN POINTS COVER IN THIS WEBSITE:

1) Light is the modulation of waves on magnetic lines. I.e. light is oscillating magnetic lines.

2) Magnetic field lines are created when charged particles are aligned in a single mode in a material. For this alignment, motions of them are not necessary.

3) No particles have any wave nature in an absolutely ‘energy free’ background.

4) In a lowest energy level, electrons in an atom have no any motions.

5) Space inside of atom is not empty, but filled with space matter.

6) Releasing of energy in a chemical or nuclear reaction is due to the releasing, expansion or explosion of space matter.

7) Only bond making reactions release energy (exothermic) and all bond braking reactions absorb energy (endothermic). This principle is applicable for both chemical and nuclear reactions.

Brief notes about matter and energy for a quick reference:

1) All matter in the universe (in the ordinary world) is made of small ether units and which are in a highly compressed state. I call it "Ether Magnetic Particles" or space matter. Also, the spaces between the celestial bodies in the universe are filled with space matter [The 90% 'unknown matter' in the universe is space matter.]

2) All form of energy (except gravitational potential energy) are stored in the ordinary world, in the form of highly compressed space matter (just like as a compressed spring).

3) All form of energy are released in the ordinary world, because of the decompressing, releasing or expansion of space matter (just like as a decompressing or releasing of a spring).

4) Mass and energy are not interchangeable: Releasing of energy in a nuclear reaction is due to the rapid- huge increasing of volume of ordinary matter to space matter. I.e. the missing matter (mass defect) in a nuclear reaction is converted into space matter.

Increasing of Volume = Mass disappeared / Density of space matter (V=M/D).

5) Releasing of heat energy in chemical or nuclear reactions are due to the violent explosion of tremendous number of tiny space matter units inside of the product molecules or atomic nucleus.

6) Overlapping between atoms (atomic shells) cause exothermic chemical reactions and detaching between atoms (atomic shells) cause endothermic chemical reactions. Or in other words, all fission chemical reactions absorb energy and all fusion chemical reactions release energy.

7) Overlapping between nuclear particles (protons and neutrons) cause releasing of nuclear energy. Detaching between nuclear particles cause endothermic nuclear reactions. Or in other words, all the fusion reactions between nuclear particles release energy and all fission reactions between nuclear particles absorb energy. For example, when a neutron to split a Uranium nucleus, it absorb energy (endothermic nuclear reaction). When the nuclear particles in the daughter pieces are re-arrange to become in a physical equilibrium state, there will some 'extra bonding' between them take place. This extra bonding between the nuclear particles is the reason for the energy release.

ABSORPTION OF ENERGY = BOND BRAKING (COMPRESSING OF SPACE MATTER)

RELEASING OF ENERGY = DECOMPRESSING, RELEASING OR EXPANSION OF SPACE MATTER

Structure of an atom

The space inside of atom is not empty, but filled with space matter.

Most of the phenomenons in the atomic world are because of the presence of space matter in atoms. For example, exchange of energy (endothermic and exothermic reactions), all form of radiations generated by atoms except gamma rays (micro waves to x-rays), line spectrum of atoms, refraction of light in a transparent medium, X-ray scattering, pair production, rigidity of an atom, electrons are not falling into nucleus etc (more details).

http://www.ebookmall.com/ebooks/structure-of-atom-george-ebooks.htm

Wave-particle duality for electron is a wrong interpretation

All experiments conducted for observing the 'wave nature' of particles indicate that, there is a close relationship between particle’s oscillations with their speed. I.e. the particles wave nature increases with their speed. For example, particle diffraction, slit experiments, Davisson and Germer experiment etc. In this website we see that, the wave nature of particles is not the property belong them; but it depends on the energy background that the particles exist. If there is no energy background, then NO wave nature for particles. (more details)

Releasing of heat energy in chemical reactions

When an atom reacts with other atoms (bonding- metallic, ionic or covalent), the individual volume of atoms decrease because of the overlapping of its outer shells. Or in other words, the volume of any molecule is less than the sum of the separate volumes of its containing atoms. When two or more atom's outer electron shells are overlap each other, the volume of the product molecule decreases for maintaining the space matter densities in natural level in the atom's outer regions. When the volume of an atom decreases, the excess space matter within the atom will be released. Since the space matter is in compressed state in atoms, when it escapes to the outer world, it will explode. This explosion causes the molecules and surrounding atoms oscillate violently. As the oscillating molecules/atoms collide with the surrounding molecules/atoms cause the generation of thermal energy (more details).

Releasing of heat energy in nuclear reactions

When two or more nuclear particles joined together to form a nucleus, i.e. the sticking protons and neutrons together cause some of their volume to shrink. Since a free proton or neutron (without any binding each other) has its own natural volume and density in constant temperature and pressure, when the particles overlap each other, they tend to release the overlapped volume of matter to the outer world because of to maintaining the density of the particles in the natural level. When the overlapped volume of matter escapes to the outer world (it is noted that the nuclear particles have a very great density), it will explode and this explosion causes the nuclear particles to oscillate violently. As the violently oscillating particles collide with the surrounding particles, cause the generation of huge amount of thermal energy (more details).

Mechanism of light (emitted by atoms)

When the electrons in an atom oscillate perpendicular (oscillation toward and backward) to the nucleus, microwaves to X-rays will be radiated (it is noted that, the microwave frequencies can be also generated with the help of electronic circuits). The waves will be always radiated perpendicular to the oscillation of the electrons. I.e. there is a 90* angle between the oscillation of electrons and emission of oscillating magnetic lines (omls).

Frequency of an emitted radiation is determined by the position of the electron in the atom. I.e. the outer most electrons will radiate microwave frequencies when they are excited. But, the innermost electrons of Tungsten like elements will radiate hard X-rays when they are excited (more details)

Exploring electric field , magnetic field and charged particles [oscillation of one field creates no other field]

a) Electron is a particle with having 'North pole dominated' magnetic property. The magnetic line of an electron starts from its North pole and ends at South pole.

b) Proton is a particle with having 'South pole dominated' magnetic property.

* Electric field lines and the magnetic field lines, both are the same line-upping and alignment of ether magnetic particles as a chain.

c) Electrons bind with an atom is caused by the electric field lines between protons in the nucleus and the electrons. Since the distance between electrons with the nucleus of an atom is in Pico meters, there will be a great attractive forces between them.

* When the electrons flow though a straight conductor, all electron's North poles will be directed to the surface of the conductor (more details).

Major reason for the red shifts that observed in quasars

Since the inertia of ether magnetic particles (space matter units), when the line - upped ether magnetic particles oscillate, there will be some energy loses occurred, as the omls travel at greater distances. Because of this reason, frequency of a photon that coming from a very distant object will be shifted to a longer wavelength.

In the case of quasars, as the density of ether magnetic particles is much greater in the regions that closer to quasars, a photon's energy will be considerably loses when the photon is passed through these high-density space matter regions (more details)

My articles published on Internet

| What is light | Mass and energy are not interchangeable | Verification of oml theory and mass volume concept | All images | Chemical reactions: Where is the heat coming from in an exothermic reaction | Nuclear reactions: Where is the energy coming from in a nuclear reaction | Exploration on ENERGY (Releasing and absorption) | What is heat energy | All nuclear fusion reactions are exothermic and all nuclear fission reaction are endothermic | All chemical fusion reactions are exothermic and all chemical fission reaction are endothermic | A new atom model, which can enlighten the entire phenomenons in the physical world. | Site Map | Directory | tidal force |

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