Absorption spectrum and emission spectrum

Absorption spectrum and emission spectrum

Absorption spectrum

Every shells (electron shells and transitory shells) of an atom have its own unique natural frequencies (or resonant frequency). When a cooled gas is placed in the path of continues spectrum of light, dark absorption lines will be appeared in the resulting spectrum. This absorption lines are caused by the absorption of that particular frequencies by the gas atoms. That means the frequencies of the absorbed spectrum lines are same as the natural frequencies of some of the electron shells and primary transitory shells of the gas atoms.

Emission spectrum

If the same gas is examined at an oblique angle, bright emission lines will be visible against a dark background. The emission spectrum lines are caused by the reflection of light (that absorbed by the gas atoms) by the electrons in the above stated shells. That is, the emission lines are purely the reflection of light from the gas atoms by its electrons.

If we can make the whole of the absorption spectrum lines or emission spectrum lines of an atom in all frequencies from Infrared rays to X-rays at their cooled state, we can directly observe the natural frequencies of each of the electron shells and the primary transitory shells of that atom. The total number of electron shells and the primary transitory shells in an atom is equal to the total number of absorption or emission spectrum lines. And the natural frequencies of the electron shells and primary transitory shells are, if we consider the emission lines, then the high frequency line for the innermost electron shell and the low frequency line for the outer most primary transitory shell. Same as, if we consider the absorption lines, then the high frequency absorption line for the innermost electron shell and the low frequency absorption line for the outermost primary transitory shell.

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